It turned out to be a difficult question to answer while there are so many important competencies, and characteristics that teachers should hold to make their instructions effective.
I would place clear goals and learning/teaching outcomes as the most essential characteristics. Most of the instructions are designed to prepare students for their future life, and career. It is hence important for an instructor to be clear what is expected from the students. Only with well-defined learning outcomes that fit into the overall program curriculum, can instructions be focused and effective.
Clear presentations are also essential to effective instruction. This includes both written and oral communications. No matter what the instructor’s role is, he/she is there helping students to bridge from unknown to known through storytelling, effective questioning, examples, plain language, relevant metaphors, and sharing of their own interpretation and perspectives. If the presentation is unclear, it will be difficult for students to really understand the material, or teacher’s expectations.
Enthusiasm – enthusiasm is contagious. An enthusiastic teacher is excited about the subject matter, has quick and demonstrative body language, and vibrant facial expression. They maintain high level of energy and vitality that can easily turn a classroom also a vibrant and dynamic environment. If we want our students to be excited in learning, we need to be first.
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