In
attribution theory, “students attribute success or failure to a variety of
factors such as ability, effort, luck fatigue, ease or difficulty of the exam
and so forth, and their belief is shaped by their perceptions of why they have
succeeded or failed in the past.” (Barkley, 2009)
Reflective
Motivation
is an internal drive that directs behavior towards some end ( (Barkley, 2009). Motivation enhances
learning by directing behaviors towards particular goals, increasing effort,
energies, increasing the initiation of and persistence in activities. In cognitive
process, motivated learners are more actively relating the knowledge and skill
to real-life application of what they learn. (Eccles &
Wigfield, 1985)
Why do some learners get motivated by challenges while some lose their
confidence? What is the psychological hidden psychological process that
convince the students that they are competent and will succeed given making
more efforts? Attribution theory shines some lights on these questions.
When
the students experience desirable outcomes, attributions help them understand
what caused these events so they can achieve the outcomes again. When they
experience unpleasant outcomes, attributions help them identify and avoid the
behaviors.